1.基本術語
鑄造 foundry, founding, casting
鑄造工藝 foundry technology
鑄件 casting

砂型鑄造 sand casting process

特種鑄造 special casting process

2. 合金性能

流動性 fluidity
充型能力 mold-filling capacity

吸氣 gas absorption

過冷 undercooling supercooling
過冷度 degree of undercooling

成核 nucleation

自發成核（均質成核） homogeneous nucleation

非自發成核（非均質成核）heterogeneous nucleation

凝固溫度范圍 solidification range

定向凝固（順序凝固） directional solidification

液態收縮（液體收縮） liquid contraction

凝固收縮 solidification contraction
固態收縮（固體收縮） solid contraction
凝固時間 solidification time
自由收縮 free contraction
受阻收縮 hindered contraction

鑄件線收縮率 shrinkage

收縮應力 contraction stress

熱應力 thermal stress

相變應力 transformation stress,phase change stress

鑄造應力 casting stress

殘留應力（殘余應力） residual stress

3. 鑄造用材料

3.1. 金屬原材料

金屬原材料 metallic raw material

生鐵 pig iron

鐵合金 ferro-alloy

回爐料 foundry returns

中間合金 master alloy

3.2. 燃料

鑄造焦炭 foundry coke

冶金焦炭 metallurgical coke

固定碳 fixed carbon

3.3. 熔劑

熔劑 flux

除氣熔劑（除氣劑） degassing flux

覆蓋熔劑（覆蓋劑） covering flux

精煉熔劑（精煉劑） refining flux

耐火度（耐火性） refractoriness

耐火磚 firebrick
耐火粘土 fireclay

硅磚 silica brick

鎂砂 grain magnesite

3.4. 造型材料

造型材料 molding material

砂 sand

水洗砂 washed-out sand

硅砂 silica sand

天然砂 natural sand

人工砂 artificial sand

天然粘土砂 naturally clay-bonded sand

橄欖石砂 olivine sand

鉻鐵礦砂 chromite sand

鋯砂 zircon sand

炭粒砂 carbon sand

精硅砂 sharp sand

紅砂 red sand

熟料砂 chamotte sand

粘結劑 binder

粘土 clay

無機粘結劑 inorganic binder

有機粘結劑 organic binder

高嶺土 kaolin

膨潤土 bentonite

鈉基膨潤土 sodium bentonite

鈣基膨潤土 calcium bentonite

活化膨潤土 activated bentonite

干性油 drying oil

硬粘結劑(冷硬粘結劑) no bake binder

熱固樹脂粘結劑 thermosetting resin binder

油類粘結劑 oil based binder

水玻璃粘結劑 water glass binder, sodium silicate binder

紙漿廢液 lignin liquor

合脂粘結劑 synthetic fat binder

水玻璃模數 sodium silicate modulus

3.5. 輔助材料

附加物 additives

發熱劑 exothermic mixture

分型劑（脫模劑） parting agent,stripping agent
固化劑（硬化劑）hardener

懸浮劑suspending agent
涂料 coating

型砂制備（砂處理） sand preparation

混砂 sand mulling, sand mixing
型砂（造型混合料） molding sand
芯砂（造芯混合料） core sand

合成砂 synthetic sand
自硬砂 self-hardening sand
水玻璃砂 sodium silicate-bonded sand
覆膜砂 precoated sand
爛砂泥（麻泥） loam
調勻砂 temper sand
面砂 facing sand
背砂（填充砂） backing sand
單一砂 unit sand

含泥量 clay content
含水量 moisture content
舊砂 floor sand
枯砂（焦砂） burnt sand
廢砂 waste sand
熱砂 hot sand

松砂 aeration , sand-cutting
篩分（篩析） screen analysis
舊砂處理 sand reconditioning
舊砂再生 sand reclamation
沉降分選 elutriation, decantation
型砂性能及試驗
型砂試驗 sand testing
透氣性 permeability
流動性 flowability
型砂強度 sand strength
濕強度 green strength
干強度 dry strength

耐用性（復用性） durability
砂型（芯）硬度 mold hardness

熱變形 hot deformation
殘留強度 retained strength
熱強度 hot strength

韌性 toughness

發氣率（發氣速度） gas evolution rate
發氣性（發氣量） gas evolution

吸濕性 moisture absorption
落砂性 knock-out capability
潰散性 collapsibility
膠質價 colloid index
破碎指數 shatter index

熱氣流烘砂裝置 hot pneumatic tube drier
混砂機 sand muller, sand mixer
松砂機 aerator, sand cutter
冷卻提升機 cooling elevator, coolevator
篩砂機 riddle
磁力滾筒 magnetic separator
舊砂再生設備 sand reclamation
氣力輸送裝置 pneumatic tube conveyor

4. 鑄造合金

4.1. 鑄鐵
鑄鐵 cast iron
鑄鐵石墨形態 morphology of graphite in cast iron
灰鑄鐵（灰口鑄鐵） gray cast iron
白口鑄鐵 white cast iron
麻口鑄鐵 mottled cast iron

共晶度 degree of saturation
碳當量 carbon equivalent
初生石墨 primary graphite
孕育鑄鐵 inoculated cast iron
球墨鑄鐵 spheroidal graphite cast iron, nodular graphite iron, ductile iron
球狀石墨 spheroidal graphite, nodular graphite
可鍛鑄鐵 malleable cast iron
黑心可鍛鑄鐵 black heart malleable cast iron
珠光體可鍛鑄鐵 pearlitic malleable cast iron
鐵素體可鍛鑄鐵 ferritic malleable cast iron

白心可鍛鑄鐵 white heart malleable cast iron
團絮石墨 tempered graphite
冷硬鑄鐵（激冷鑄鐵） chilled iron
耐磨鑄鐵 wear resisting cast iron
耐熱鑄鐵 heat resisting cast iron
耐酸鑄鐵 acid resisting cast iron
高硅鑄鐵 high silicon cast iron
蠕墨鑄鐵 vermicular cast iron,compacted graphite cast iron
蠕蟲狀石墨 vermicular graphite
合金鑄鐵 alloy cast iron

4.2. 鑄鋼
鑄鋼 cast steel

炭素鑄鋼 carbon cast iron
低合金鑄鋼 low alloy cast steel
高錳鋼 high manganese steel
鐵素體鋼 ferritic steel
鑄造非鐵合金
青銅 bronze
鉛青銅 lead bronze

鋁青銅 aluminum bronze
黃銅 brass
鋁銅合金 aluminum-copper alloy
鋁鎂合金 aluminum-magnesium alloy
鋁硅合金 aluminum-silicon alloy
鎂合金 magnesium alloy
軸承合金（減摩合金） bearing metal, antifrictional metal

巴氏合金 babbitt alloy

鈦合金 titanium alloy

5. 熔煉工藝及設備

5.1. 熔煉基本術語

熔化（熔煉） melting
重熔 remelting
爐料 charge
熔化率 melting rate
爐料計算 charge calculation
雙聯熔煉 duplexing
元素燒損（元素燒損率） melting losses of various chemical elements
熔煉損耗（燒損） total melting loss
還原氣氛 reducing atmosphere
氧化氣氛 oxidizing atmosphere

惰性氣體 inert gas

堿度（堿性指數） index of basicity
堿性渣 basic slag
酸性渣 acid slag
精煉 refining
遺傳性 heredity

風口比 tuyere ratio

有效高度 effective height
送風強度 blast intensity
預熱送風 hot blast
底焦 coke bed
層焦 coke split
隔焦（結力焦） buffer coke charge
爐襯 furnace lining
堿性爐襯 basic lining
酸性爐襯 acid lining
棚料 bridging
熔池 bath
吸碳 carbon pick-up
鐵焦比（焦比） iron-coke ratio
出渣 deslagging
打爐 cupola drop

5.2. 鑄鋼
氧化熔煉法 oxidizing melting
不氧化熔煉法 dead melting
真空熔煉 vacuum refining
電渣熔煉 electro-slag melting
熔渣 slag
沉渣 sludge
浮渣 dross, cinder

氧化期（沸騰期） oxidizing stage,boil
還原期 deoxidizing stage,blocking stage
還原渣 reducing slag

氧化渣 oxidizing slag

白渣 white slag
脫氧 deoxidation
扒渣 slagging- off
脫碳 decarburization
脫硫 desulphurization

脫磷 dephosphorization
增碳 recarburizing
脫氧劑 deoxidizer

揮發損耗 volatilizing losses
靜置 stewing, holding
吹氮 nitrogen flushing

5.3. 熔煉設備

沖天爐 cupola

水冷沖天爐 water-cooled cupola

熱風沖天爐 hot-blast cupola

濕法除塵器 wet cap

爐缸 cupola well
前爐 forehearth
沖天爐加料機 cupola charging machine

爬式加料機 skip hoist

電磁配鐵稱 electro-magnetic weighing balancer

電磁盤 electromagnetic chuck

電弧爐（直接電弧爐） arc furnace,direct arc furnace

感應電爐 electric induction furnace

電渣爐 electroslag furnace
電磁攪拌electromagnetic agitation
澆包 ladle
搖包 shaking ladle
底注包 bottom pouring ladle
保溫爐holding furnace

坩堝爐crucible furnace
孕育 inoculation
多孔塞法 porous plug process
變質 modification
墨化劑 graphitizer

過熱 superheating
石墨球化處理 nodularizing treatment of graphite
碳當量儀eutectometer

三角試塊 wedge test-piece

真空除氣vacuum degassing

5.4. 澆注

澆注 pouring

保護氣氛澆注 pouring under controlled atmosphere
澆注速度 pouring rate
澆注溫度 pouring temperature
澆注時間 pouring time
澆注位置 pouring position
型內孕育 inmold inoculation
壓鐵 weight
搗冒口 churning, pumping
點冒口（補注） teeming
浸入式高溫計 immersion pyremeter
補爐 patching

爐齡（爐襯壽命） campaign

6. 工藝設計及工藝裝備

6.1. 工藝設計

鑄造工藝設計 mold design
鑄造工藝裝備設計 foundry tools design

鑄造工藝圖 foundry molding drawing
鑄件圖（毛坯圖） drawing of rough casting
起模斜度（拔模斜度） pattern draft
收縮余量shrinkage allowance
工藝補正量 molding allowance

加工余量 machining allowance

吃砂量 mold thickness

補貼 pad
分型負數 joint allowance

鑄件尺寸公差 dimensional tolerance of casting
鑄件重量公差 weight allowance of casting

鑄件加工基準面 reference face for machining of casting
鑄件表面粗糙度 surface roughness of casting

6.2. 澆冒口系統
澆注系統（澆口） gating system,running system
封閉式澆注系統 choked running system, pressurized gating system
半封閉式澆注系統 enlarged runner system
開放式澆注系統 unchoked running system, non-pressurized gating system
澆口盆（外澆口） pouring basin
澆口杯 pouring cup
澆口塞 blanking-off plug
直澆道 sprue
直澆道窩 sprue base
橫澆道 runner
篩網芯（濾網芯） strainer core
內澆道 ingate
離心集渣澆注系統 whirl gate, dirt trap system
頂注式澆注系統 top gating system
底注式澆注系統 bottom gating system
階梯式澆注系統 step gating system
雨淋澆口 shower gate
縫隙澆口 slot gate
壓邊澆口 lip runner, kiss runner
牛角式澆口 horn gate
熱節 hot spot
冒口 riser, feeder heed
冒口效率 riser efficiency
明冒口 open riser
暗冒口 blind riser
側冒口（邊冒口） side riser
壓力冒口 pressure riser
大氣壓力冒口 atmospheric riser

發氣壓力冒口（氣彈冒口） gas-delivered pressure riser
透氣砂芯 pencil core
冒口頸 riser neck
冒口根 riser pad
保溫冒口套 heat insulating feeder sleeve
發熱冒口套 exothermic feeder sleeve

補縮距離 feeding distance, feeding zone
易割冒口 knock-off head
易割片（易割芯片） washburn core
鑄造工藝裝備 foundry tools and equipment
模樣（鑄模，模） pattern
母模 master pattern
金屬模 metal pattern
骨架模 skeleton pattern

石膏模 plaster pattern
塑料模 plastic pattern
整體模 one-piece pattern
分開模 parted pattern, split pattern
活塊 loose piece

模板 pattern plate

模底板 pattern mounting plate

單面模板 single face pattern plate

雙面模板 match plate
放樣（伸圖） hot dimensional drawing
縮尺（模樣工縮尺） shrinkage rule,pattern-maker’s rule

6.3. 芯盒
芯盒 core box
脫落式芯盒 troughed core box
下芯量具 core setting scale
下芯夾具 core jig
烘芯板 core drying plate
砂箱 flask, molding box
箱帶（箱擋） flask bar, cross bar
脫箱 snap flask

套箱 mold jacket
套銷 hollow pin, stub pin

7. 造型及造芯

7.1. 造型

造型 molding
型腔 mold cavity
鑄型（型） mold
砂型 sand mold
上型（上箱） cope, top part
下型（下箱） drag, bottom part
手工造型 hand molding
機器造型 machine molding
自動化造型 automatic molding
分型面 mold joint
有箱造型 flask molding

兩箱造型 two-part molding
三箱造型 three-part molding

不平分型面 stepped joint

無箱造型 flaskless molding
脫箱造型 removable flask molding
地坑造型 pit molding
刮板造型 sweep molding
拋砂造型 impeller ramming, sand slinging molding
組芯造型 core assembly molding
假箱造型 oddside molding
微震壓實造型 vibratory squeezing molding
高壓造型 high pressure molding
濕砂型（濕型，潮型） green sand mold
砂型烘干 mold drying
干砂型（干型）dry sand mold
表面烘干型 skin dried mold

爛砂泥型 loam mold

砂床 bed

過渡角 transition angle

吊砂 cod
砂鉤 lifter

負壓造型（真空密封造型） vacuum molding

流態砂造型 fluid sand molding
漏模 pattern stripping
填砂 mold-filling
緊實（緊砂，舂砂） ramming
震實 jolt ramming
壓實 squeezing ramming
緊實度 degree of ramming
二氧化碳法造型 CO2 process
自硬砂造型 self-hardening sand molding
塞砂 tucking

刮砂 strike-off
造型生產線 molding line

刷水 swabbing

敲模 rapping

起模（拔模） stripping
扎出氣孔 venting
排氣道 venting channel
修型 patching
冷鐵 densener, chill
外冷鐵 surface densener
內冷鐵 internal densener
驗型（驗箱） trial closing
合型（合箱，組型） mold assembling,closing

7.2. 造芯

造芯（制芯） core making
芯（芯子） core

芯骨 core rod, core scab

油砂芯 oil sand core

預制芯 embeded core, ram up core

芯頭 core print
芯座 core print
芯頭斜度 core print taper

芯頭間隙 core print clearance

殼芯 shell core
烘芯 core baking

通氣蠟線 vent wax
冷芯盒法 cold box process
熱芯盒法 hot box process
芯撐 chaplet
造型工具
造型工具 hand tools of molding
壓勺 heart and spoon
提溝 cleaner
雙頭銅勺（秋葉） double ended radius sleeker

鏝刀 trowel
造型及造芯設備
造型機 molding machine
壓實造型機 squeezing molding machine
震擊臺 bumper
振動臺 vibrating table
微震壓實造型機 vibratory squeezer
震實造型機 jolt molding machine
高壓造型機 high pressure molding machine
射壓造型機 shooting and squeezing molding machine
多觸頭造型機 equalizing piston squeezer
拋砂機 sand slinger
起模機 drawing machine
射砂機 core shooter

擠芯機 core extruder
鑄型輸送機 mold conveyor

8. 鑄件落砂及清理

8.1. 落砂及清理

落砂 shake-out, knock-out
除芯 decoring
噴砂清理 sand blasting
拋丸清理 shot blasting
水力清砂 hydraulic cleaning
水砂清砂 hydraulic blast
清理 cleaning, fettling
清砂 cleaning

火焰表面清理 scarfing
清鏟 chipping
化學清砂 chemical cleaning
精整 dressing and finishing
落砂機 knock-out machine
拋丸清理機 shot blast machine

清理滾筒 tumbling barrel

拋丸落砂清理設備 shot blast reclaiming equipment
懸掛式磨輪 swing frame grinder
矯正 coining, straightening
焊補 repair welding
滲補 impregnation

金屬型鑄造 permanent mold casting, gravity die casting
金屬型 metal mold
金屬芯 metal core
覆砂金屬型 sand-lined metal mold
排氣塞 venting plug
排氣槽 air vent
龜裂 heat checking
金屬型鑄造機 gravity die casting machine

9. 壓力鑄造

壓力鑄造（壓鑄） die casting, pressure die casting
壓鑄型 die-casting die, die
動型 moving die, ejector die half
定型 fixed die, cover die half
合型力 clamping force , die locking force

壓室 pressure chamber
鵝頸管 gooseneck

分流器 spreader, sprue spreader

頂桿 ejector pin

溢流槽 overflow well

壓射沖頭（壓室） injection piston,plunger
壓射比壓 injection pressure
壓射速度 injection speed
保壓時間 dwell time
真空壓鑄 evacuated die casting,vacuum die casting
充氧壓鑄 pore-free die casting
雙沖頭壓鑄（精速密壓鑄）acurad(accurate?) die casting
壓鑄機 die casting machine
冷室壓鑄機 cold chamber die casting machine
熱室壓鑄機 hot chamber die casting machine
鑲鑄法 insert process
離心鑄造 true centrifugal casting
半離心鑄造 semi-centrifugal casting
離心澆注 centrifugal pressure casting, centrifuge casting
雙金屬離心鑄造 bimetal centrifugal casting

離心鑄造機 centrifugal casting machine

10. 熔模鑄造
失模鑄造 lost pattern casting
熔模鑄造（失蠟鑄造） fusible pattern molding, lost-wax molding
壓制熔模 fusible pattern injection
壓型 pattern die
熔模 fusible pattern
鹽模salt pattern
蠟模 wax-pattern
模組 pattern assembly
熔模涂料（漿料） slurry
面層涂料 investment precoat
撒砂 stuccoing
脫蠟 dewaxing
熔燒 sintering
殼型鑄造 shell molding
結殼時間 investing time
結殼溫度 investing temperature
硬化溫度 curing temperature
硬化時間 curing time
陶瓷型鑄造 ceramic molding
陶瓷型漿料 ceramic slurry
灌漿 paste pouring
噴燒 torch firing
低壓鑄造 low-pressure die casting
充型壓力 mold filling pressure
保壓壓力 dwell pressure
升液管 stalk
真空吸鑄 suction casting
差壓鑄造（反壓鑄造）counter-pressure casting
實型鑄造 full mold process,cavityless casting
泡沫塑料模 styrofoam pattern
磁型鑄造（磁丸鑄造） magnetic shot molding process
凝殼鑄造 slush casting
石膏型鑄造 plaster molding
連續鑄造 continuous casting
鑄件檢驗 inspection of casting
鑄件質量分析 quality analysis of asting
鑄件外觀質量 visual quality of asting
鑄件內在質量 internal quality of asting

鑄件使用性能 service ability of asting
單鑄試塊 separated test bar of asting
附鑄試塊 test lug
缺陷鑄件 defective casting
廢品 reject
無損檢驗（無損探傷） ondestructive inspection
破壞性試驗 destructive testin